In a few tests, I found that arps can have a varying latency of 13-23ms with respect to other non-arp parts triggered simultaneously. This is uneffected by tempo or arp Sync Quantize settings
My first example used Cubase, but I found an even better way to demonstrate this with just the Montage:
1. I loaded a drum performance in Part 1 and copied it to Part 2. All FX and Arp SFX are off.
2. Part 1 has an arp with a simple 4/4 kick
3. Part 1 is panned hard left
4. Part 2 has the arp off
3. Part 2 is panned hard right
(I have attached the single X7B user performance to this post)
In this recording, The first 8 seconds are me playing key C1. Part 1 on the left triggers the arp and Part 2 on the right plays the same kick (no arp)
http://sneak-thief.com/demos/Arp-NoArp_vs_NoArp-NoArp.wav
Result 1: Kicks on the left side from Part 1 (the triggered arp) come 13-23ms later than the kicks on Part 2 (right)
Result 2: The second 9 seconds are with both arps off. In the audio file, drums from Part 2 (right) consistently comes 1ms later - which seems to be normal given Yamaha's common practice of giving higher parts higher priority.